Ángela Ruiz Robles (Villamanín, León, 1895-1975) was a teacher and pedagogue who actively worked to improve the quality of education. In 1949, she patented an invention she called the “Enciclopedia Mecánica,” a machine that combined texts and images on rolls of paper that students could roll and unroll to access information more easily.
Her invention did not reach widespread commercialization, but it laid the groundwork for the subsequent development of electronic reading. In fact, she is considered one of the precursors of what we now know as ebooks. Additionally, Ruiz Robles also designed other educational devices and wrote textbooks, contributing to pedagogical innovation.
Although her achievements did not have an immediate impact, Ruiz Robles is remembered today as a woman who envisioned the idea of digital reading and left her mark in the fields of education and technology.